T cell immunomonitoring: a comparative analysis of traditional and novel methods to quantify and characterize human antigen-specific T cells

Nature Protocols, Published online: 06 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41596-026-01453-8

We present a comparative analysis review of traditional and cutting-edge technologies for clinical profiling of antigen-specific T cells, highlighting their principles, applications, benefits and limitations and the need for assay harmonization and standardization.